Evaporation equipment

Evaporation equipmentAlso known as an evaporator, it is a device that concentrates or precipitates grains from a solution by heating it. It mainly consists of two parts: the heating chamber and the evaporation chamber. The heating chamber is the part where steam is used to heat and boil a solution, but some equipment also has a boiling chamber. The evaporation chamber, also known as the separation chamber, is the part that separates gas and liquid. The steam generated by boiling in the heating chamber (or boiling chamber) carries a large amount of liquid foam, which can be separated from the steam in the larger separation chamber due to its own condensation or the action of the foam catcher inside the chamber. Steam is often drawn to the condenser by a vacuum pump for condensation, and the condensate is discharged from the bottom of the condenser.

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Evaporation equipmentThere are various types and structures. According to the principle of circulation, it can be divided into natural circulation evaporator, forced circulation evaporator, one-way evaporator, and also classified according to the operating principle. Widely used in industries such as chemistry and food. The control method of stabilizing the product concentration within a certain allowable range by controlling the discharge flow rate of the evaporator product based on direct measurement of the discharge concentration of the evaporator product. The methods for directly measuring product concentration include refractometer determination, specific gravity method, and experimental analysis determination method. According to the principle that the effect of pressure changes in the evaporator on the boiling point of the solution is basically the same as that on the boiling point of water, that is, when the pressure changes within a certain range, the difference between the boiling point of a certain concentration of solution and the boiling point of water (saturated steam temperature) remains basically unchanged, the method of using temperature difference to reflect material concentration for control is adopted. Commonly used in situations where the pressure inside the evaporator is unstable or changes significantly. The selection of liquid phase temperature measurement points and vapor phase temperature measurement points in this method has a significant impact on the control effect and is the key to practical application. The method of using temperature instead of material concentration as the controlled variable and heating steam flow rate as the control variable based on the functional relationship between material concentration, temperature, and pressure in the evaporator. Commonly used in situations where the pressure inside the evaporator is relatively stable, especially when there are strict requirements for concentration and temperature in the process. The operation of the evaporator requires maintaining a constant liquid level of the evaporated medium. The purpose is to fix the heat transfer area of the evaporator and improve thermal efficiency. In addition, evaporator operation often requires maintaining a constant optimal pressure to reduce steam consumption and minimize material loss, thereby improving yield and quality. The main control methods for evaporator liquid level include evaporator feed and discharge. Attention shall be paid to the following problems in liquid level measurement: the foam generated by solution boiling is easy to cause false liquid level; The evaporator is a closed container and must maintain a certain pressure; The evaporation process is a concentration process, and an increase in concentration can cause blockage of the measuring port.

Evaporation equipmentDevelopment: a) Developing new types of evaporators: In this regard, the heat transfer effect is mainly improved by improving the surface shape of the heating tube. For example, the recently developed plate evaporator not only has the advantages of small volume, high heat transfer efficiency, and short solution retention time, but also its heating area can be increased or decreased according to needs, and it is easy to disassemble and clean. For example, surface porous heating tubes used in petrochemicals and natural gas liquefaction can increase the heat transfer coefficient on the boiling solution side by 10-20 times. The double-sided longitudinal groove heating tube used in seawater desalination can also significantly improve heat transfer efficiency. b) Improving the flow of liquid in the evaporator: Installing various forms of turbulence components in the evaporator can increase the heat transfer coefficient on the boiling liquid side. For example, by installing copper filler into a natural circulation evaporator, the heat transfer coefficient on the boiling liquid side can be increased by 50%. This is because the components or fillers can cause turbulence in the liquid, and they are also thermal conductors themselves, which can transfer heat from the heating tube to the inside of the solution, increasing the heat transfer area of the evaporator.